Bad Bugs †Article Summay

Bad Bugs – Article Summay Free Online Research Papers In reading the article â€Å"Bad Bugs† I learned that bacteria can become immune to antibiotics. Antibiotic-immune bacteria have lived long before we did and they want to keep living, so they have gotten smarter. When an antibiotic drug is introduced to the body, bacteria begin to evolve and form a resistance to it Most of the cases of antimicrobial resistance occur in hospitals. Seventy percent of bacteria that cause infections in hospitals are resistant to at least one antibiotic. In the past couple of years drug-resistant diseases have been increasingly showing up in communities to people that haven’t gone to a hospital. This is because when a person takes an antibiotic it kills the sensitive germs, but some resistant bacteria stays to grow and reproduce. If a patient takes antibiotics incorrectly the bacteria have a greater chance to develop a resistance. In reading the article â€Å"Antibacterial Debate† I learned that when you use soap with triclosan, the triscolan stays on your skin after you wash and provides an additional layer of hygienic protection. The soaps that contain triclosan are bactericidal because they can kill bacteria and they are also bacteriostatic because they can inhibit the growth or reproduction of bacteria. Plain soap is only bactericidal not bacteriostatic. Since not all bacteria disappear with alkaline hand wash. Ciba Irgasm is a big advantage because it works very well even at low concentrations and it can prevent strong growth of bacteria on skin for up to twelve hours. I think the findings in these articles are valid regarding antibacterial resistance and there is scientific evidence to back it up. In the past three years,16 states have passed legislation to require public reporting of hospital infection data, and fourteen of those will publish numbers for each hospital in the state. In November, Pennsylvania released the nation’s first report on infection rates on a hospital-by-hospital basis, and Florida and Missouri have since produced similar reports. Right now ,infection-disclosure bills are being considered in 14 states. Humans are being helped by antibiotics because it is a cure for a lot of diseases. Antibiotics kill bacteria in your body and help you become immune to the bacteria. The soaps help because they prevent bacteria and germs from spreading from your hands to other places.Humans are being harmed by antibiotics because if they take them when theyre not supposed to or if they take too much of them, the bacteria will only get stronger and will be more likely to develop a resistance.In the future I think the problem is going to be worse because physicians are prescribing antibiotics more freely so people are taking them when they dont have to and as a result, the bacteria develops a resistance. My opinion about these articles is that they are informative articles. I don’t think they shouldve stopped selling bacteriostatic soap because its so much better than regular soap and the reason people didn’t buy it is because they didn’t know how good it is. I didn’t even know about it and if I did, then I would buy it. I agree with the authors because it will eventually become a serious problem. It already is a problem and no one is really doing anything to fix it. This article will effect what consumers will buy because it didn’t really show that bacteriostatic soap is a lot better , so consumers will keep buying regular soap. This new finding would affect society because if they would know about all this,theyll stop overdosing and taking drugs when not prescribed. When there are more antiobiotics they want to sell them faster and it causes people to take too much.I think the best way to educate society about bad bugs and antibacterial resistance is to put up posters in pharmacies and to show it on television,on the news and on commercials.It should say on the boxes that antiobotics come in,not take too much and not to take them if not prescribed. It should also say on soap bottles a lttle bit about triclosan. Research Papers on "Bad Bugs" - Article SummayGenetic EngineeringMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseCapital PunishmentMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Fifth Horseman

5 Steps for Balancing Chemical Equations

5 Steps for Balancing Chemical Equations Being able to balance chemical equations is a vital skill for chemistry. Heres a look at the steps involved in balancing equations, plus a worked example of how to balance an equation. Steps of Balancing a Chemical Equation Identify each element found in the equation. The number of atoms of each type of atom must be the same on each side of the equation once it has been balanced.What is the net charge on each side of the equation? The net charge must be the same on each side of the equation once it has been balanced.If possible, start with an element found in one compound on each side of the equation. Change the coefficients (the numbers in front of the compound or molecule) so that the number of atoms of the element is the same on each side of the equation. Remember, to balance an equation, you change the coefficients, not the subscripts in the formulas.Once you have balanced one element, do the same thing with another element. Proceed until all elements have been balanced. Its easiest to leave elements found in pure form for last.Check your work to make certain the charge on both sides of the equation is also balanced. Example of Balancing a Chemical Equation ? CH4 ? O2 → ? CO2 ? H2O Identify the elements in the equation: C, H, OIdentify the net charge: no net charge, which makes this one easy! H is found in CH4 and H2O, so its a good starting element.You have 4 H in CH4 yet only 2 H in H2O, so you need to double the coefficient of H2O to balance H.1 CH4 ? O2 → ? CO2 2 H2OLooking at carbon, you can see that CH4 and CO2 must have the same coefficient.1 CH4 ? O2 → 1 CO2 2 H2OFinally, determine the O coefficient. You can see you need to double the O2 coefficient in order to get 4 O seen on the product side of the reaction.1 CH4 2 O2 → 1 CO2 2 H2OCheck your work. Its standard to drop a coefficient of 1, so the final balanced equation would be written:CH4 2 O2 → CO2 2 H2O Take a quiz to see if you understand how to balance simple chemical equations. How to Balance a Chemical Equation for a Redox Reaction Once you understand how to balance an equation in terms of mass, youre ready to learn how to balance an equation for both mass and charge. Reduction/oxidation or redox reactions and acid-base reactions often involve charged species. Balancing for charge means you have the same net charge on both the reactant and product side of the equation. This isnt always zero! Heres an example of how to balance the reaction between potassium permanganate and iodide ion in aqueous sulfuric acid to form potassium iodide and manganese(II) sulfate. This is a typical acid reaction. First, write the unbalanced chemical equation:KMnO4  Ã‚  KI  Ã‚  H2SO4  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  I2  Ã‚  MnSO4Write down the oxidation numbers for each type of atom on both sides of the equation:Left hand side: K 1; Mn 7; O -2; I 0; H 1; S 6Right hand side: I 0; Mn 2, S 6; O -2Find the atoms that experience a change in oxidation number:Mn: 7 → 2; I: 1 → 0Write a skeleton ionic equation that only covers the atoms that change oxidation number:MnO4- → Mn2I- → I2Balance all of the atoms besides the oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) in the half-reactions:MnO4- → Mn22I- → I2Now add O and H2O as needed to balance oxygen:MnO4- → Mn2 4H2O2I- → I2Balance the hydrogen by adding H as needed:MnO4- 8H → Mn2 4H2O2I- → I2Now, balance charge by adding electrons as needed. In this example, the first half-reaction has a charge of 7 on the left and 2 on the right. Add 5 electrons to the left to balance the charge. The second half-re action has 2- on the left and 0 on the right. Add 2 electrons to the right.MnO4- 8H 5e- → Mn2 4H2O2I- → I2 2e- Multiply the two half-reactions by the number that yields the lowest common number of electrons in each half-reaction. For this example, the lowest multiple of 2 and 5 is 10, so multiply the first equation by 2 and the second equation by 5:2 x [MnO4- 8H 5e- → Mn2 4H2O]5 x [2I- → I2 2e-]Add together the two half-reactions and cancel out species that appear on each side of the equation:2MnO4- 10I- 16H → 2Mn2 5I2 8H2O Now, its a good idea to check your work by making sure the atoms and charge are balanced: Left hand side:  2 Mn; 8 O; 10 I; 16 HRight hand side:  2 Mn; 10 I; 16 H; 8 O Left hand side:  Ã¢Ë†â€™2  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  10  16  Ã‚  4Right hand side:  4